Hi Wess,
The funky times on the astronomy page are due to the Settings.php line:
$SITE['timeOnlyFormat'] = 'h:mm';
‘h:mm’ means (for the PHP date() function)
h = 12-hour format of an hour with leading zeros 01 through 12
m = Numeric representation of a month, with leading zeros 01 through 12
What you likely want is
$SITE['timeOnlyFormat'] = 'g:ia';
which uses:
g = 12-hour format of an hour without leading zeros 1 through 12
i = Minutes with leading zeros 00 to 59
a = Lowercase Ante meridiem and Post meridiem am or pm
See: http://php.net/manual/en/function.date.php for details on what to use in a date/time format in PHP