I stumbled across a great document (in PDF format) that is as comprehensive as most weather textbooks that I have seen, without the $100 price tag. In fact, it is at my kind of price - free. It’s called “Meteorological Techniques” and is a publication of the Air Force Weather Agency. Document is located at
http://www.met.fsu.edu/Grads/sfiorin/AFW/Tn98002.pdf
Being a serious meteorological treatise, there is widespread use of metric measurements, and in that the AFWA is deployed worldwide, there is considerable discussion of conditions and phenomena throughout the world, so this is not as US-centric as one might think. I’ve printed off a copy, three hole punched it, and put it in a binder as I’ll be referring to it often.