Davis VP solar sensor Offset?

Unless you can do a direct comparison of measured values on a clear day it’s hard to be certain just what effect the extra cable is having. Cat 5 should be 24 AWG or better which is equivalent to the phone cable Davis uses. Since there are 8 cores and you only need 4 I would parallel them up to minimize the resistance.

If you really want to adjust something I would suggest adjusting the estimated solar max rather than Davis reading.